Emmenopterys henryi Oliv. is one of the rare, gymnosperms endemic of China. Its distribution, habitat and community structure in Tiantangzhai of Anhui Province were investigated. The results showed that E. henryi population is a declining one because of its incomplete age structure. The lower richness, diversity and evenness of the community resulted in a tendency of degeneration, hence, protection for this species must be undertaken.