采用气相色谱及 ICP-AES 法测定了安徽庐江和江苏洪泽2 个种植基地的土壤和夏枯草(Prunella vulgaris L.)果穗及全草中有机氯农药及重金属含量,并根据污染指数和相关标准对土壤及药材的安全性进行了评价。 测定结果表明:来源于 2 个基地的土壤及药材中有机氯农药及重金属含量有明显差异。 庐江产果穗和全草中 Pb、Cd、Cu、Cr、As 及 BHC 含量分别为 3. 361 和 3. 953、0. 172 和 0. 190、8. 258 和 7. 722、3. 423 和 2. 658、0. 284 和 0. 355、0. 003和 0. 004 mg· kg-1 ,Hg 和 DDT 未检出;洪泽产果穗和全草中 Pb、Cd、Cu、Cr、Hg 及 BHC 含量分别为 2. 399 和 1. 558、0. 155 和 0. 111、7. 682 和 6. 756、4. 259 和 3. 801、0. 077 和 0. 102、0. 003 和 0. 006 mg· kg^-1 ,As 未检出,果穗中也未检出 DDT。 庐江基地土壤中 Cd、Cu、Cr、As、Hg、BHC 和 DDT 含量分别为 0. 001、12. 943、47. 417、1. 008、0. 003、0. 003和 0. 002 mg· kg-1 ,Pb 未检出;洪泽基地土壤中 Pb、 Cd、 Cu、 Cr、 As、 Hg 和 BHC 含量分别为 3. 443、0. 002、18. 655、63. 385、3. 701、0. 141 和 0. 004 mg· kg-1 ,DDT 未检出。 比较结果表明:夏枯草果穗中重金属残留量均高于全草,但均低于国家限量标准;土壤中有机氯农药及重金属单项污染指数均小于 1,且庐江和洪泽基地土壤的综合污染指数分别为 0. 286 和 0. 399,因此,土壤污染等级属安全级且污染水平为清洁级。

 

Contents of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in planted soil and spica and whole plant of Prunella vulgaris L. from two planting bases of Lujiang in Anhui Province and Hongze in Jiangsu Province were determined by GC and ICP-AES, and safety of soil and medicinal materials of P. vulgaris was evaluated according to pollution indexes and relative standards. The determination results show that the contents of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in planted soil and medicinal materials have obvious differences between two planting bases. Contents of Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, As and BHC in spica and whole plant from Lujiang are 3. 361 and 3. 953, 0. 172 and 0. 190, 8. 258 and 7. 722, 3. 423 and 2. 658, 0. 284 and 0. 355, 0. 003 and 0. 004 mg · kg-1, respectively, and Hg and DDT are not detected. Contents of Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg and BHC in spica and whole plant from Hongze are 2. 399 and 1. 558, 0. 155 and 0. 111, 7. 682 and 6. 756, 4. 259 and 3. 801, 0. 077 and 0. 102, 0. 003 and 0. 006 mg· kg^-1, respectively, and As is not detected and DDT in spica is also not detected. Contents of Cd, Cu, Cr, As, Hg, BHC and DDT in soil of Lujiang are 0. 001, 12. 943, 47. 417, 1. 008, 0. 003, 0. 003 and 0. 002 mg· kg^-1, respectively, and Pb is not detected. Contents of Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, As, Hg and BHC in soil of Hongze are 3. 443, 0. 002, 18. 655, 63. 385, 3. 701, 0. 141 and 0. 004 mg· kg^-1, respectively, and DDT is not detected. Comparison result shows that heavy metal residue in spica of P. vulgaris is higher than that in whole plant, but residues in both are lower than the national standards. Single pollution index of heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides in soil is less than 1, and comprehensive pollution index in soil from Lujiang and Hongze is 0. 286 and 0. 399, respectively. Therefore, soil of two planting bases is in the safe grade and reaches clean level.