基于对国内外众多相关文献的分析，就沉水植物对富营养化水体的净化作用、净化机制及修复技术进行了归纳和总结，并对沉水植物的今后研究方向进行了展望。经分析，沉水植物能够明显降低水体中的氮磷营养盐及有机物，改善水体溶解氧和透明度，抑制藻类生长；其对富营养化水体的净化机制主要有吸收同化氮磷营养盐、改善水体-植物-沉积物的理化环境、与微生物协同作用及抑制藻类生长。目前，应用较广泛的利用沉水植物修复富营养化水体的技术主要有原水位种植、生态沉床、联合固定化微生物和人工湿地。基于沉水植物修复富营养化水体的研究现状，建议在藻型-草型湖泊生态系统稳态转换机制、沉水植物退化机制、沉水植物与微生物协同作用过程及机制等方面加强研究力度。

Based on analyses of many related domestic and foreign literatures， the purification effects， purification mechanisms， and restoration technologies of submerged macrophytes on eutrophic water were summarized and concluded， and the future research directions of submerged macrophytes were prospected. After analysis， submerged macrophytes can significantly reduce nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and organic matters in water， improve water dissolved oxygen and transparency， and inhibit the growth of algae. Their purification mechanisms on eutrophic water mainly include absorbing and assimilating nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients， improving physicochemical environment of water-plant-sediment， synergistic effect with microorganisms， and inhibiting the growth of algae. At present， the widely used technologies of using submerged macrophytes to restore eutrophic water mainly include in situ planting， ecological sinking bed， combining with immobilized microorganisms， and manual wetland. Based on the research status of submerged macrophytes restoring eutropic water， it is suggested to strengthen research on steady-state transformation mechanism of algaegrass lake ecosystem， degradation mechanism of submerged macrophytes， synergistic process and mechanism of submerged macrophytes with microorganisms， etc.