以来源于安徽亳州、甘肃张掖、安徽阜阳、山西运城和陕西商洛的5 个种源菘蓝(Isatis indigotica Fort.)为实验材料,采用田间试验法对不施氮素(对照) ,仅施用NO3 --N(T1)或NH4+-N(T2),混合施用氮素[n(NH4+ -N)︰n(NO3--N)= 75︰25(T3)、n(NH4+ -N)︰n(NNO3--N)= 50︰50(T4)和n(NH4+ -N)︰n(NNO3- -N)= 25︰75(T5)]以及仅施用CO(NH2 )2(T6)条件下各种源菘蓝的单株根鲜质量和干质量,根折干率,根中游离总氨基酸、可溶性蛋白质和总氮含量,以及单株根中游离总氨基酸、可溶性蛋白质和总氮总量的差异进行了比较分析。结果表明:在同一施氮条件下不同种源间菘蓝根的各项指标均有一定差异;而与各自的对照相比,不同施氮条件下同一种源菘蓝根的各项指标也有一定差异。总体来看,安徽亳州和山西运城种源菘蓝根的生长指标均在T6 组中较高,甘肃张掖种源根的生长指标则在T2 组中相对较高,安徽阜阳种源根的生长指标在T5 组中最高,陕西商洛种源根的生长指标在T4 组中较高。各施氮条件下安徽亳州种源菘蓝的单株根中游离总氨基酸、可溶性蛋白质和总氮总量均低于其对照,并在T6 组中相对较高;甘肃张掖和陕西商洛种源根的上述3 项指标分别在T2 和T3 组中最高,而安徽阜阳和山西运城种源根的上述3 项指标则分别在T5 和T1 组中较高。研究结果显示:不同氮素形态和配比对菘蓝根生长和根中含氮成分积累的影响效应存在种源间的差异,并且对同一种源根生长和根中含氮成分积累有益的氮素形态和配比也不同。因此,为了获得高产优质的板蓝根药材,建议在菘蓝的栽培过程中针对不同种源采取适宜的施氮措施,并兼顾生长量和有效成分含量。

Taking five provenances of Isatis indigotica Fort. from Bozhou of Anhui, Zhangye of Gansu,Fuyang of Anhui, Yuncheng of Shanxi and Shangluo of Shaanxi as experiment materials, differences in fresh and dry weights of root per plant, root drying rate, contents of free total amino acids, soluble protein and total nitrogen in root, and total amounts of free total amino acids, soluble protein and total nitrogen in root per plant of different provenances of I. indigotica under conditions of without applying nitrogen (CK),only applying NO3-- N (T1) or NH4+ -N (T2),mixed applying nitrogen [n(NH4+ -N)︰n(NO3- -N)= 75︰25 (T3), n(NH4+ -N)︰n(NO3- -N)= 50︰50 (T4) and n(NH4+ -N)︰n(NO3- -N)=25︰75 (T5)], and only applying CO(NH2 )2 (T6) were compared and analyzed by field experiment method. The results show that under same nitrogen applying condition, there is a certain difference in various indexes in root of I. indigotica from different provenances. While, compared with their own control, there is also a certain difference in various indexes in root of I. indigotica from the same provenance under different nitrogen applying conditions. In general, root growth indexes of I. indigotica from Bozhou of Anhui and Yuncheng of Shanxi provenances are all higher in T6 group, those from Zhangye of Gansu provenance are relatively higher in T2 group, those from Fuyang of Anhui provenance are the highest in T5 group, and those from Shangluo of Shaanxi provenance are higher in T4 group. Under different nitrogen applying conditions, total amounts of free total amino acids, soluble protein and total nitrogen in root per plant of I. indigotica from Bozhou of Anhui provenance are all lower than those of its control, and the three indexes are relatively higher in T6 group. The above three indexes in root from Zhangye of Gansu and Shangluo of Shaanxi provenances are the highest in T2 and T3 groups,respectively, while those from Fuyang of Anhui and Yuncheng of Shanxi provenances are higher in T5 and T1 groups, respectively. It is suggested that there is difference among provenances in effect of nitrogen with different forms and ratios on root growth and root nitrogen component accumulation of I. indigotica,and nitrogen form. and ratio beneficial to growth and nitrogen component accumulation of root from the same provenance are also different. Therefore, in order to obtain high yield and good quality indigowoad root medicinal materials, it is suggested to take appropriate nitrogen applying measure for different provenances during cultivation process, and take into account growth amount and effective component content.