为探究景观温室评价因素与景观效果之间的关系,以华南植物园温室群景区为研究对象,采用模糊数学法对其景观效果进行了系统评价。华南植物园温室群景区可分为10 个景观分区,从中可筛选出13 个景观评价因素;其中,通用因素包含竖向设计(A)、空间趣味性(B)、景观层次性(C)、水景(D)、植物配置方式(E)、置石(I)、视域开阔度(J)、温室工程设施(K)和堆山方式(M),特色因素包含植物奇异性(F)、生态奇特性(G)、人工构筑物(H)和路面铺装(L);根据不同景观分区的情况确认各评价因素的组成并制作网络调查问卷,通过对调查数据的统计分析计算出各景观分区的隶属度,并利用徐罗曹李法获得不同评价因素的权重值。结果显示:10 个景观分区的隶属度为0. 816 ~0. 685;其中,热带水生植物区、雨林奇观区和山地雨林区的隶属度较高,景观效果较好;沙漠植物温室和高山/ 极地室等分区的隶属度较低,景观效果有待改善。根据权重值可将13 个评价因素对景观效果的影响程度划分为4 个等级;其中,植物奇异性、人工构筑物、水景、竖向设计和路面铺装等评价因素对各景观分区景观效果影响较大,堆山方式和温室工程设施对景观效果影响微小。根据研究结果,建议在采用模糊数学法进行景观评价时应制定具有参考价值的评价指标体系和评语赋值标准。

In order to explore the relationship between evaluation factors and landscape effect of landscape greenhouse, taking greenhouse cluster of South China Botanical Garden as a research object, its landscape effect was systematically evaluated by fuzzy mathematics method. The greenhouse cluster region can be divided into ten landscape sub-regions, from which, thirteen landscape evaluation factors have been selected. In which, common factors include vertical design (A), space attraction (B), landscape hierarchy (C), waterscape (D), plant configuration (E), stone arrangement (I), visual scope (J), engineering facility (K) and mound mode (M), and special factors include plant singularity (F), ecological singularity (G), man-made structure (H) and paving (L). Every evaluation factor component have been confirmed depending on different status of every landscape sub-regions and internet survey questionnaires have been produced, and the membership of landscape sub-regions is calculated by means of statistics and analysis of survey questionnaire. And the weight value of different evaluation factors is obtained by the Xu-Lou-Cao-Li method. The results show that the membership of ten sub- regions is 0. 816 -0. 685. In which, the membership of tropical aquatic plant sub-region, rainforest wonder sub-region and montane rainforest sub-region is higher with good landscape effect, while, that of desert conservatory and alpine/ polar conservatory is lower and their landscape effect needs more promotion. According to the weight values, influence degree of thirteen evaluation factors on landscape effect is divided into four grades, in which, some factors, such as plant singularity, man-made structure, waterscape, vertical design and paving, etc., have stronger influence on landscape effect of different landscape sub-regions, while, mound mode and engineering facility have a slight influence on landscape effect. According to these research results, it is suggested that the evaluation index system with reference value and the judgement assignment standard should be established when adopting fuzzy mathematics to make landscape evaluation.