为研究品种对山药品质的影响,对山药(Dioscorea opposite Thunb.)不同地方品种在同一地区种植后的化学成分及淀粉酶同工酶差异性进行了比较分析。结果表明,5个山药品种(太谷山药D. oppositacv.Taigu,怀庆山药D. oppositacv.Huaiqing,白玉山药D. opposite cv. Baiyu,花籽山药D. opposite cv. Huazi,铁棍山药D. opposite cv. Tiegun)的淀粉、蛋白质、水溶性及醇溶性浸出物、水分和多糖含量均不同。淀粉含量以怀庆山药最高(27 98%),太谷山药最低(19 52%);蛋白质含量变化幅度较小(10 05%～11 74%);多糖含量的差异最大(0 54%～1 48%)。其中铁棍山药多糖含量最高(1.48%),水分含量最低(65.84%)。因此,以多糖作为评价山药品质的主要指标较为合理。淀粉酶同工酶分析结果表明,铁棍山药的淀粉酶同工酶酶谱与其他山药品种差异较大,亲缘关系较远。

To study the effect of cultivars on the quality of crude drug of Dioscorea opposita, the chemical components and isomorphic amylase of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv.Taigu, D. opposita cv. Huaiqing, D. opposita cv. Baiyu, D. opposita cv. Huazi, D. opposita cv. Tiegun were analyzed after being cultivated in the same area. The results indicate that the contents of the starch, protein, soluble substance, water and polysaccharide are different among five cultivars. The starch content is the highest in D. opposita cv. Huaiqing(27.98%), the lowest in D. opposita cv. Taigu(19.52%). There is no obvious difference in protein content among these cultivars(10.05%- 11.74%), but the difference of the content of polysaccharide is the biggest. The polysaccharide content in D. opposita cv. Tiegun is the highest(1.48%) and the water content is the lowest(65.84%), it shows that polysaccharide could be as a measure index of the quality of crude drug of D. opposita. The analysis of isomorphic amylase shows that D. opposita cv. Tiegun has obvious distinction with other cultivars.